This isn't a fanfic, it's pure science! :D Thanks to school, I have to read some texts about nonverbal communication. Чтение the stuff, all I could think about was Huli. I will copy some paragraphs here and feel free to discuss if they are really 'so Huli' as I thought. ;) It is possible that they were mentioned earlier, since there are a lot of smart and educated people here :)
To Communicate Meaning
Nonverbal messages may communicate the exact same meanings as verbal messages. The same purposes that were identified for communication in general are served by nonverbal signals a well.
First, nonverbal messages help us to discover — to learn, to acquire information about the world and about other people.
Nonverbal messages — the smile, the focused eye contact, the leaning forward, and of course the Kiss — also help us to establish and maintain relationships. We signal that we like another person first though nonverbal signals; then, usually at least, we follow up with verbal messages. At the same time, of course, our nonverbal messages can help destroy and dissolve interpersonal relationships. When Ты avoid eye contact and touching, when Ты frown еще than smile, and when your voice is without warmth, you’re using nonverbal signals to distance yourself from the other person.
To Metacommunicate
Much of nonverbal communication, however, occurs in combination with verbal messages and serves a metacommunication function (see Unit 1). That is, nonverbal messages often Комментарий on или communicate something about other messages (often verbal messages). Six general ways in which nonverbal communication blends with verbal communication have been identified and will illustrate the wide variety of metacommunication functions that nonverbal messages may serve (Knapp & Hall, 1997).
Nonverbal messages are often used to accent или emphasize some part of the verbal message. Ты might, for example, raise your voice to underscore a particular word или phrase, bang your fist on the стол письменный, стол to stress your commitment, или look longingly into someone’s eyes when saying “I Любовь you.”
Ты use nonverbal communication to complement, to add nuances of meaning not communicated by your verbal message. Thus, Ты might smile when telling a story (to suggest that Ты find it humorous) или frown and shake your head when recounting someone’s deceit (to suggest your disapproval).
Ты may deliberately contradict your verbal messages with nonverbal movements—for example, by crossing your fingers или winking to indicate that you’re lying.
Movements may be used to regulate или control the flow of verbal messages, as when Ты кошелек your lips, lean forward, или make hand gestures to indicate that Ты want to speak. Ты might also put up your hand или vocalize your pauses (for example, with “um” или “ah”) to indicate that you’ve not finished and aren’t ready to relinquish the floor to the Далее speaker.
Ты can repeat или restate the verbal message nonverbally. Ты can, for example, follow your verbal “Is that all right?” with raised eyebrows and a questioning look, или motion with your head или hand to repeat your verbal “Let’s go.”
Ты may also use nonverbal communication to substitute for или take the place of verbal messages. For instance, Ты can signal “OK” with a hand gesture. Ты can nod your head to indicate yes или shake your head to indicate no.
Eye Communication
Research on the messages communicated by the eyes (a study known technically as oculesis) shows that these messages vary depending on the duration, direction, and quality of the eye behavior. For example, in every culture there are strict, though unstated, rules for the proper duration for eye contact. In U.S. culture the average length of gaze is 2.95 seconds. The average length of mutual gaze (two persons gazing at each other) is 1.18 секунды (Argyle & Ingham, 1972; Argyle, 1988). When eye contact falls short of this amount, Ты may think the person is uninterested, shy, или preoccupied. When the appropriate amount of time is exceeded,
Ты may perceive the person as Показ unusually high interest.
The direction of the eye also communicates. In much of the United States, you’re expected to glance alternately at the other person’s face, then away, then again at the face, and so on. The rule for the public speaker is to scan the entire audience, not focusing for too long on или ignoring any one area of the audience. When Ты break these directional rules, Ты communicate different meanings — abnormally high или low interest, self-consciousness, nervousness over the interaction, and so on.
The Function of Eye Contact and Eye Avoidance
Eye contact can serve a variety of functions. One such function is to seek feedback. In talking with someone, we look at her или him intently, as if to say, “Well, what do Ты think?” As Ты might predict, listeners gaze at speakers еще than speakers gaze at listeners. In public speaking, Ты may scan hundreds of people to secure this feedback.
A секунда function is to inform the other person that the channel of communication is open and that he или she should now speak. Ты see this regularly in conversation, when one person asks a Вопрос или finishes a thought and then looks to Ты for a response.
Eye movements may also signal the nature of a relationship, whether positive (an attentive glance) или negative (eye avoidance). Ты can also signal your power through visual dominance behavior (Exline, Ellyson, & Long, 1975). The average speaker, for example, maintains a high level of eye contact while listening and a lower level while speaking. When people want to signal dominance, they may reverse this pattern—maintaining a high level of eye contact while talking but a much lower level while listening.
By making eye contact Ты psychologically lessen the physical distance between yourself and another person. When Ты catch someone’s eye at a party, for example, Ты become psychologically close though physically far apart.
Pupil Dilation
In one study, researchers retouched photographs of women; in half they enlarged the pupils, and in the other half they made them smaller (Hess, 1975). Men were then asked to judge the women’s personalities from the photographs. The фото of women with small pupils drew responses such as “cold,” “hard,” and “selfish”; those with dilated pupils drew responses such as “feminine” and “soft.” Interestingly, the male observers could not verbalize the reasons for their different perceptions. Pupil dilation and our reactions to changes in the pupil size of others may function below the level of conscious awareness.
Pupil size also reveals your interest and level of emotional arousal. Your pupils enlarge when you’re interested in something или when Ты are emotionally aroused.
That's it. If Ты want, I can continue it with Космос Communication, Paralanguage and other interesting stuff ;)
To Communicate Meaning
Nonverbal messages may communicate the exact same meanings as verbal messages. The same purposes that were identified for communication in general are served by nonverbal signals a well.
First, nonverbal messages help us to discover — to learn, to acquire information about the world and about other people.
Nonverbal messages — the smile, the focused eye contact, the leaning forward, and of course the Kiss — also help us to establish and maintain relationships. We signal that we like another person first though nonverbal signals; then, usually at least, we follow up with verbal messages. At the same time, of course, our nonverbal messages can help destroy and dissolve interpersonal relationships. When Ты avoid eye contact and touching, when Ты frown еще than smile, and when your voice is without warmth, you’re using nonverbal signals to distance yourself from the other person.
To Metacommunicate
Much of nonverbal communication, however, occurs in combination with verbal messages and serves a metacommunication function (see Unit 1). That is, nonverbal messages often Комментарий on или communicate something about other messages (often verbal messages). Six general ways in which nonverbal communication blends with verbal communication have been identified and will illustrate the wide variety of metacommunication functions that nonverbal messages may serve (Knapp & Hall, 1997).
Nonverbal messages are often used to accent или emphasize some part of the verbal message. Ты might, for example, raise your voice to underscore a particular word или phrase, bang your fist on the стол письменный, стол to stress your commitment, или look longingly into someone’s eyes when saying “I Любовь you.”
Ты use nonverbal communication to complement, to add nuances of meaning not communicated by your verbal message. Thus, Ты might smile when telling a story (to suggest that Ты find it humorous) или frown and shake your head when recounting someone’s deceit (to suggest your disapproval).
Ты may deliberately contradict your verbal messages with nonverbal movements—for example, by crossing your fingers или winking to indicate that you’re lying.
Movements may be used to regulate или control the flow of verbal messages, as when Ты кошелек your lips, lean forward, или make hand gestures to indicate that Ты want to speak. Ты might also put up your hand или vocalize your pauses (for example, with “um” или “ah”) to indicate that you’ve not finished and aren’t ready to relinquish the floor to the Далее speaker.
Ты can repeat или restate the verbal message nonverbally. Ты can, for example, follow your verbal “Is that all right?” with raised eyebrows and a questioning look, или motion with your head или hand to repeat your verbal “Let’s go.”
Ты may also use nonverbal communication to substitute for или take the place of verbal messages. For instance, Ты can signal “OK” with a hand gesture. Ты can nod your head to indicate yes или shake your head to indicate no.
Eye Communication
Research on the messages communicated by the eyes (a study known technically as oculesis) shows that these messages vary depending on the duration, direction, and quality of the eye behavior. For example, in every culture there are strict, though unstated, rules for the proper duration for eye contact. In U.S. culture the average length of gaze is 2.95 seconds. The average length of mutual gaze (two persons gazing at each other) is 1.18 секунды (Argyle & Ingham, 1972; Argyle, 1988). When eye contact falls short of this amount, Ты may think the person is uninterested, shy, или preoccupied. When the appropriate amount of time is exceeded,
Ты may perceive the person as Показ unusually high interest.
The direction of the eye also communicates. In much of the United States, you’re expected to glance alternately at the other person’s face, then away, then again at the face, and so on. The rule for the public speaker is to scan the entire audience, not focusing for too long on или ignoring any one area of the audience. When Ты break these directional rules, Ты communicate different meanings — abnormally high или low interest, self-consciousness, nervousness over the interaction, and so on.
The Function of Eye Contact and Eye Avoidance
Eye contact can serve a variety of functions. One such function is to seek feedback. In talking with someone, we look at her или him intently, as if to say, “Well, what do Ты think?” As Ты might predict, listeners gaze at speakers еще than speakers gaze at listeners. In public speaking, Ты may scan hundreds of people to secure this feedback.
A секунда function is to inform the other person that the channel of communication is open and that he или she should now speak. Ты see this regularly in conversation, when one person asks a Вопрос или finishes a thought and then looks to Ты for a response.
Eye movements may also signal the nature of a relationship, whether positive (an attentive glance) или negative (eye avoidance). Ты can also signal your power through visual dominance behavior (Exline, Ellyson, & Long, 1975). The average speaker, for example, maintains a high level of eye contact while listening and a lower level while speaking. When people want to signal dominance, they may reverse this pattern—maintaining a high level of eye contact while talking but a much lower level while listening.
By making eye contact Ты psychologically lessen the physical distance between yourself and another person. When Ты catch someone’s eye at a party, for example, Ты become psychologically close though physically far apart.
Pupil Dilation
In one study, researchers retouched photographs of women; in half they enlarged the pupils, and in the other half they made them smaller (Hess, 1975). Men were then asked to judge the women’s personalities from the photographs. The фото of women with small pupils drew responses such as “cold,” “hard,” and “selfish”; those with dilated pupils drew responses such as “feminine” and “soft.” Interestingly, the male observers could not verbalize the reasons for their different perceptions. Pupil dilation and our reactions to changes in the pupil size of others may function below the level of conscious awareness.
Pupil size also reveals your interest and level of emotional arousal. Your pupils enlarge when you’re interested in something или when Ты are emotionally aroused.
That's it. If Ты want, I can continue it with Космос Communication, Paralanguage and other interesting stuff ;)