Иисус of Nazareth ( /ˈdʒiːzəs/; 7–2 BC/BCE – 30–36 AD/CE), commonly referred to as Иисус Christ или simply as Иисус или Christ, is the central figure of Christianity. Most Christian denominations venerate him as God the Son incarnated and believe that he rose from the dead after being crucified.[9][10] The principal sources of information regarding Иисус are the four canonical gospels,[11] and most biblical scholars find them useful for reconstructing Jesus' life and teachings.[12][13][14][15] Some scholars believe apocryphal texts such as the Gospel of Thomas and the Gospel of the Hebrews are also relevant.[16]
Most critical historians agree that Иисус was a Jew who was regarded as a teacher and healer, that he was baptized by John the Baptist, and was crucified in Jerusalem on the orders of the Roman Prefect of Judaea, Pontius Pilate, on the charge of sedition against the Roman Empire.[17] Critical Biblical scholars and historians have offered competing descriptions of Иисус as a self-described Messiah, as the leader of an apocalyptic movement, as an itinerant sage, as a charismatic healer, and as the founder of an independent religious movement. Most contemporary scholars of the historical Иисус consider him to have been an independent, charismatic founder of a Jewish restoration movement, anticipating a future apocalypse.[18] Other prominent scholars, however, contend that Jesus' "Kingdom of God" meant radical personal and social transformation instead of a future apocalypse.[18]
Christians traditionally believe that Иисус was born of a virgin,[10]:529–32 performed miracles,[10]:358–59 founded the Church, rose from the dead, and ascended into heaven,[10]:616–20 from which he will return.[10]:1091–109 The majority of Christians worship Иисус as the incarnation of God the Son, and "the секунда Person of the Blessed Trinity".[19] A few Christian groups, however, reject Trinitarianism, wholly или partly, believing it to be non-scriptural.[19][20] Most Christian scholars today present Иисус as the awaited Messiah promised in the Old Testament and as God,[21] arguing that he fulfilled many Messianic prophecies of the Old Testament.[22]
Judaism rejects assertions that Иисус was the awaited Messiah, arguing that he did not fulfill the Messianic prophecies in the Tanakh.[23] In Islam, Иисус (Arabic: عيسى или يسوع, commonly transliterated as Isa или Yasū, respectively) is considered one of God's important prophets,[24][25] a bringer of scripture, and the product of a virgin birth, but not to have experienced crucifixion.[26] Ислам and the Bahá'í Faith use the Название "Messiah" for Jesus,[27][28] but do not teach that he was God incarnate.
Most critical historians agree that Иисус was a Jew who was regarded as a teacher and healer, that he was baptized by John the Baptist, and was crucified in Jerusalem on the orders of the Roman Prefect of Judaea, Pontius Pilate, on the charge of sedition against the Roman Empire.[17] Critical Biblical scholars and historians have offered competing descriptions of Иисус as a self-described Messiah, as the leader of an apocalyptic movement, as an itinerant sage, as a charismatic healer, and as the founder of an independent religious movement. Most contemporary scholars of the historical Иисус consider him to have been an independent, charismatic founder of a Jewish restoration movement, anticipating a future apocalypse.[18] Other prominent scholars, however, contend that Jesus' "Kingdom of God" meant radical personal and social transformation instead of a future apocalypse.[18]
Christians traditionally believe that Иисус was born of a virgin,[10]:529–32 performed miracles,[10]:358–59 founded the Church, rose from the dead, and ascended into heaven,[10]:616–20 from which he will return.[10]:1091–109 The majority of Christians worship Иисус as the incarnation of God the Son, and "the секунда Person of the Blessed Trinity".[19] A few Christian groups, however, reject Trinitarianism, wholly или partly, believing it to be non-scriptural.[19][20] Most Christian scholars today present Иисус as the awaited Messiah promised in the Old Testament and as God,[21] arguing that he fulfilled many Messianic prophecies of the Old Testament.[22]
Judaism rejects assertions that Иисус was the awaited Messiah, arguing that he did not fulfill the Messianic prophecies in the Tanakh.[23] In Islam, Иисус (Arabic: عيسى или يسوع, commonly transliterated as Isa или Yasū, respectively) is considered one of God's important prophets,[24][25] a bringer of scripture, and the product of a virgin birth, but not to have experienced crucifixion.[26] Ислам and the Bahá'í Faith use the Название "Messiah" for Jesus,[27][28] but do not teach that he was God incarnate.
